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Keleawe ʻaʻahu ʻia me ka Titanium
Wehewehe Huahana
Mea hui ʻia ʻo Titanium-keleawe (ʻike ʻia hoʻi he keleawe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka titanium) hoʻokō i ka pilina paʻa pae atomika ma waena o ka titanium maʻemaʻe kalepa a me ke keleawe conductivity kiʻekiʻe ma o nā kaʻina hana metallurgical holomua e like me ka hoʻopaʻa pahū, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻōwili, a i ʻole ka hoʻopaʻa ʻōwili pahū. ʻAʻole wale kēia hui bimetallic e mālama i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi loa o ka titanium akā loaʻa iā ia ka conductivity uila a me ka thermal kiʻekiʻe o ke keleawe, me ka ikaika kūkulu hilinaʻi. Hiki iā ia ke pani pono i ka titanium maʻemaʻe, ke keleawe maʻemaʻe, a me nā metala makamae, e lawelawe maʻalahi i nā kūlana hana paʻakikī e like me ka pala ikaika, ke au kiʻekiʻe, a me ka mahana kiʻekiʻe.
Nā Hiʻohiʻona
1. Nā Pōmaikaʻi Pālua Maikaʻi Loa o ke Kū'ē ʻana i ka ʻAʻa a me ke Alakaʻi
- Papa Kūʻē i ka ʻAi ʻAi (Titanium): Hiki i ka papa titanium maʻemaʻe o ka ʻili ke kūʻē i nā ʻano mea ʻai ʻino ikaika like ʻole, e like me ka wai kai, nā hopena chlor-alkali, nā waikawa, nā alkalis, a me ka paʻakai. I nā wahi electrochemical a me hydrometallurgical, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kona ola lawelawe ma mua o nā ʻāpana keleawe maʻemaʻe, a hiki i ka 10 mau manawa.
- ʻO ke kumu alakaʻi (keleawe): ʻO ka papa keleawe conductivity kiʻekiʻe o loko he conductivity ma mua o 90% IACS, a hiki i ka conductivity uila holoʻokoʻa ke hiki i ka 60% -80% o ke keleawe maʻemaʻe, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka titanium maʻemaʻe (2% IACS wale nō), e hōʻemi pono ana i ka nalowale o ke voltage.
- Alakaʻi Hoʻomehana: ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka conductivity wela e like me 54 W/m ·K, ʻekolu manawa o nā papa composite titanium-steel, hiki ke hoʻokō pono i nā pono o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka ukana wela kiʻekiʻe.
2. Hoʻopaʻa Metallurgical Ikaika Kiʻekiʻe
- ʻO ka ikaika o ka ʻoki ʻana o ka interface he ≥85MPa, ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o ke koi o ≥40MPa i kuhikuhi ʻia ma ke kūlana aupuni GB13238, a hiki i kekahi mau kikoʻī ke piʻi ma mua o 200MPa.
- Hiki iā ia ke lawelawe maʻalahi i ka hana lua e like me ke kulou ʻana, ka hehi ʻana, ka ʻeli ʻana, a me ka kuʻi ʻana, a ʻaʻole ia e wāwahi a nahā paha ma lalo o nā kūlana kaʻapuni wela lōʻihi.
3. Māmā a me ke kumukūʻai kūpono
- ʻO kona nui he 60% wale nō o ke keleawe maʻemaʻe, e hōʻemi ana i ke kaumaha ma ka 40%, hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui i nā kumukūʻai halihali a me ke kau ʻana, a me ke kaumaha o nā ʻāpana.
- Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka titanium maʻemaʻe, ua hoʻonui ʻia kona conductivity uila a me ka thermal ma mua o 50%; ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke keleawe maʻemaʻe, ua hoʻolōʻihi nui ʻia kona ola pale ʻana i ka corrosion, a hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ke kumukūʻai hoʻohana piha e 30%-60%.
4. Ka Hoʻololi Kūpono Loa i ka Hana ʻana
Wahi a nā koi kaha kiʻi a nā mea kūʻai aku, hiki iā ia ke hoʻopau i nā hana hana maʻamau e like me ka ʻoki ʻana, ka wili ʻana, ke kūlou ʻana, ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka wili ʻana, a me ke kūkulu ʻana, e hoʻokō ana i nā pono hana kikoʻī o nā electrodes like ʻole, nā busbars, a me nā ʻāpana kūkulu.
Nā noi
1. Nā Pākahi Ikehu & Mana Hou
Nā Hiʻohiʻona Hoʻohana Koʻikoʻi: Kūpono no ke kahua hoʻouka wikiwiki wikiwiki 800V o nā kaʻa ikehu hou, hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he mau ʻaoʻao pākahiko, nā ʻāpana adapter, a me nā mea hoʻohui i hoʻohui ʻia me ke kino-pākahiko CTB/CTC. Hiki iā ia ke kū i nā au kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 200A, pale i ka palaho mai nā electrolytes pākahiko, pale i ka oxidation tab a me ka haki, a hōʻoia i ka palekana hoʻouka wikiwiki a me ke ola lawelawe pākahiko. Ma ke kahua o nā pākahiko paʻa a me nā pākahiko sodium-ion, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau mea hōʻiliʻili au a me nā busbars, e hoʻoponopono ana i nā pilikia o ka oxidation maʻalahi a me ka conductivity paʻa ʻole o nā mea keleawe kuʻuna i nā electrolytes voltage kiʻekiʻe, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā kikowaena mana mālama ikehu, nā kaʻa ohua ikehu hou, a me nā ʻōnaehana pākahiko kaʻa kalepa.
- Nā ʻāpana pākahiko, nā ʻāpana adapter, nā mea hoʻohui CTB/CTC
- Nā mea hōʻiliʻili au o ka pila paʻa-mokuʻāina/sodium-ion, nā kaʻa pahi
2. Electrolysis, Electroplating & Hydrometallurgy
Nā Hana Hoʻohana Koʻikoʻi: I ka hana kemika chlor-alkali, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā anodes insoluble, cathodes, a me nā kukuna alakaʻi o nā cell electrolytic. Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā electrolytes acid-alkali kiʻekiʻe no ka manawa lōʻihi, hiki iā ia ke pale aku i ka palaho mai ke kinoea chlorine, sodium hydroxide, a me nā mea corrosive ikaika ʻē aʻe, e hōʻemi ana i ka hoʻokahe ʻana o ka electrode a me ka pinepine o ka hoʻololi. I ka ʻoihana electroplating (galvanizing, copper plating, nickel plating), lawelawe ia ma ke ʻano he electrode pahu electroplating e hōʻoia i ka hoʻoili paʻa o ke au a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka like ʻana o ka uhi ʻana. I ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka metala non-ferrous (keleawe, zinc, nickel, cobalt), hana ia ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana alakaʻi o nā cell electrolytic, e hoʻololi ana i nā wahi hoʻoheheʻe wela kiʻekiʻe a me ka palaho ikaika a hoʻolōʻihi i nā pōʻaiapuni mālama lako.
- Nā anodes hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, nā cathodes, a me nā kukuna alakaʻi no ka chlor-alkali, electroplating, a me ka electrolysis metala non-ferrous
- Nā electrodes no ka wai hoʻoneoneo uila a me ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka metala makamae
3. ʻEnekinia Mana a me ke Kai
Nā Hana Hoʻohana Koʻikoʻi: Ma nā kikowaena kahakai a me nā papahana hoʻoili mana ma waena o ke kai, hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he mau kaʻa pahi, nā hui kaula, a me nā kaʻa pahi photovoltaic, hiki ke pale aku i ka pala mai ka paʻakai kai a me ka ea pulu, pale i ka nalowale conductive i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka oxidation a me ka popo o nā mea keleawe kuʻuna, a he ola lawelawe ma mua o 30 mau makahiki. I nā papahana desalination wai kai, hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana conductive a me ka pale ʻana i ka pala o nā mea hoʻololi wela a me nā condensers, ʻaʻole wale ia e hoʻololi i ke kaiapuni pala ikaika o ka wai kai akā hoʻomaikaʻi pū i ka pono desalination me kona conductivity thermal maikaʻi loa. Ma nā moku a me nā kahua moana, lawelawe ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui conductive no nā ʻōnaehana uila, e pale ana i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o ka wai kai a me ka paʻakai paʻakai e hōʻoia i ka hana paʻa o nā lako.
- Nā kaʻa pahi kikowaena kahakai, nā hui kaula kea kai, nā kaʻa pahi photovoltaic
- Nā mea hoʻohemo wai kai, nā mea hoʻohuihui moku, nā mea hoʻololi wela, a me nā ʻāpana alakaʻi kū i ka pala no nā kahua moana
4. Nā Uila Aerospace a me Precision
Nā Hiʻohiʻona Hoʻohana Koʻikoʻi: I loko o nā ʻōnaehana uila o nā satelite a me nā mokulele, hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he mau ʻāpana alakaʻi hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻāpana hoʻokele wela, hiki ke hoʻololi i ke kaʻina mahana koʻikoʻi o -150 ℃ a i 120 ℃ ma ka lewa a me nā wahi kiʻekiʻe paʻakikī, kūʻē i ka luhi hopohopo, a hōʻoia i ka hoʻoili paʻa ʻana o nā hōʻailona uila. I ke kūkulu ʻana i ke kahua kahua 5G, hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he substrate hoʻoheheʻe wela no nā ʻāpana alapine lekiō a me kahi shrapnel no nā mea hoʻohui alapine kiʻekiʻe, hiki ke hoʻopau koke i ka wela o ka ʻāpana e pale aku i ka pōʻino wela. I ka manawa like, hilinaʻi ia i ka conductivity uila maikaʻi e hōʻoia i ka hoʻoili paʻa ʻana o nā hōʻailona alapine kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻololi ana i nā pono kū'ē i ke aniau o ka hana lōʻihi o waho o nā kahua kahua.
- Nā ʻāpana alakaʻi hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻāpana hoʻokele wela no nā satelite/mokulele
- Nā substrates hoʻoheheʻe wela no nā ʻāpana alapine lekiō kikowaena 5G a me nā shrapnel no nā mea hoʻohui alapine kiʻekiʻe
5. Nā Mea Lapaʻau
Nā Hiʻohiʻona Hoʻohana Koʻikoʻi: I nā mea lapaʻau implantable, hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui stent puʻuwai a me nā electrodes conductive implantable. Loaʻa i ka papa titanium ka biocompatibility maikaʻi loa, hiki ke kūpono me nā ʻiʻo kanaka, pale i ka coagulation, a ʻaʻohe hopena hōʻole. Hāʻawi ka papa keleawe i ka conductivity uila haʻahaʻa e hōʻoia i ka hoʻoili pololei ʻana o nā lako lapaʻau. I nā lako ʻokiʻoki e like me nā ʻāpana electrosurgical kiʻekiʻe, lawelawe ia ma ke ʻano he mau ʻāpana electrode, me ke kūpaʻa corrosion a me ke kūpaʻa conductive, hiki ke kū i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe i ka wā o ke ʻoki ʻana a me nā wahi disinfection, e pale ana i ka corrosion electrode e hoʻopilikia ana i nā hopena ʻokiʻoki.
- Nā electrodes conductive implantable, nā mea hoʻohui stent puʻuwai, a me nā electrodes electrosurgical alapine kiʻekiʻe
No ke aha e koho ai i kā mākou lawelawe hoʻopilikino?
1. ʻIke loea mea like ʻole
Uhi Mea Piha: He loea mākou i nā ʻano papa titanium alloy like ʻole, me Gr1, Gr2, Gr5 (Ti-6Al-4V), Gr7, Gr9, Gr12, a me nā mea hou aku. Inā makemake ʻoe i ke kūpaʻa hope loa o Gr7 a i ʻole ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe o Gr5, ke paipai nei mākou i ka mea kūpono loa a kūpono hoʻi no kāu noi kikoʻī (e laʻa, ka wai kai, nā wahi chloride, ka mahu wela kiʻekiʻe).
Ka Hiki ke Hahai ʻia o nā Mea: Hāʻawi mākou i nā Palapala Hōʻoia Hoʻāʻo Mea piha (MTC), e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ke kumu a me ka hana hilinaʻi no kēlā me kēia pūʻulu o nā mea maka.
2. Nā Kaʻina Hana Hana a me ke Kūkulu ʻana
Loaʻa iā mākou ka hiki ke hoʻoponopono i nā koi pilikino paʻakikī like ʻole:
Ke Kulou Kūpono: Hiki ke hoʻokō i nā kūlou paipu multi-plane paʻakikī me ka radius liʻiliʻi e hōʻoia i nā ala kahe maʻalahi, e hoʻemi ana i ka haunaele a me ka hāʻule ʻana o ke kaomi.
Kuʻihao Kūikawā: Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana kuʻihao TIG/GTAW paʻa, loea mākou i ka kuʻihao paipu paia lahilahi. Hoʻokō nā kuʻihao i nā kūlana honua e like me ASME a me ASTM, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka pono o ke kūkulu ʻana a me ke kūpaʻa i ka pala.
Hoʻopilikino ʻana i ka Mīkini a me ka Hoʻohui ʻana i ka Hopena: Hoʻopili mākou i nā flanges, nā kaula (NPT, BSPP, BSPT), nā mea hoʻopili compression, nā interface hoʻohui wikiwiki, a i ʻole kekahi ʻano pili e like me kāu mau kikoʻī, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana i ka hoʻohui pono ʻana me nā ʻōnaehana e kū nei.
Ka Maʻalahi o ka Ana: Mai nā paipu mea hana liʻiliʻi a i nā paipu ʻoihana nui, lawelawe mākou i nā anawaena maʻamau mai Ø6mm a i Ø300mm a ma ʻō aku, me nā mānoanoa o ka paia hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia.
3. Kākoʻo piha mai ka Manaʻo a i ka Huahana i Hoʻopau ʻia
E maopopo a maʻalahi hoʻi kāu huakaʻi hoʻopilikino:
KaʻAnuʻu Hana 1: Kūkākūkā i nā Koi - Hāʻawi i nā kiʻi, nā laʻana, a i ʻole nā kikoʻī loea kikoʻī (waena, kaomi, mahana, nā kūlana hana, a pēlā aku).
KaʻAnuʻu Hana 2: Loiloi ʻenehana a me ka ʻōlelo kūʻai - Hana kā mākou hui ʻenekinia i ka loiloi hiki ke hana a hāʻawi i nā hoʻonā loea mua me ke kumukūʻai hoʻokūkū i loko o 24 mau hola.
KaʻAnuʻu Hana 3: Hana ʻana i nā Laʻana a me ka Hōʻoia - Kākoʻo mākou i nā hoʻokolohua laʻana liʻiliʻi. Ke hōʻoia ʻoe i ka ʻoluʻolu, hoʻomau mākou me ka hana nui.
KaʻAnuʻu Hana 4: Ka Mana Hoʻomalu Kūlana Kiʻekiʻe a me ka Hoʻouna ʻana i ka Manawa Kūpono - Mai ka lawe ʻana i nā mea maka a hiki i ka hoʻouna hope loa, hoʻokō mākou i nā kaʻina hana QC koʻikoʻi (nānā ʻana i nā ʻāpana, nā nānā ʻili, nā hoʻāʻo ʻole e luku, ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke kaomi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) a pili pono i nā kuleana hoʻouna.